The Right Way to Think About the Law (Galatians 3:7-14)
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This is part of a commentary series through the Book of Galatians. It began with Galatians 3:1-6. This series will progress until the book is finished, then circle back and cover ch. 1-2.
Here, we begin the most difficult portion of Paul’s letter—the relationship of the Mosaic Law to saving faith. Before we begin, I’ll restate some principles from the first article that will help you understand the position this commentary takes. Here they are:
- The Mosaic Law is not a vehicle for salvation, and it was never intended to be one.
- The Law was given to teach God’s people (a) how to worship Him rightly, which includes instructions about forgiveness of sins (moral cleanness) and ritual uncleanness, (b) to have a written moral code that is fairly comprehensive, but not exhaustive, and (c) to live as brothers and sisters in a particular society for a particular time.
- The Law is a tool for holy living, a guardian to keep people in a holy “holding pattern” while the plane circled the airport, waiting for Jesus’ first advent so it could “land.”
- Some flavors of pop dispensationalism have done incalculable damage by confusing Christians about the relationship between the Mosaic Law and the Gospel.
Now, to the Scriptures!
Children of Abraham (Galatians 3:7-9)
Understand, then, that those who have faith are children of Abraham. Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.”
Galatians 3:7-8
Who is a child of Abraham? Well, it certainly isn’t about biology. About genetics. About who your parents are. John the Baptist understood that (Mt 3:7-10). No, it isn’t about race or ethnicity—it’s about common faith in Jesus. If you have Abraham’s faith, then you’re one of his children. Easy. Simple.
In fact, Scripture foresaw that the “child of God” concept wasn’t really an ethnic thing at all. God announced the Gospel to Abraham in advance when He announced that “all nations will be blessed through you,” (cf. Gen. 12:3; 18:18; 22:18).
This is extraordinary. The false teachers skulking around the area are Judaizers—folks who push the rules-based legalism we noted, before. The apogee of their “faith” is to be as Jewish as possible which, in their warped understanding, means to follow the rules and traditions of the elders very strictly (cf. Phil 3:4-6). Thus, you violate the Sabbath if you put spices into a pot, but all is well if you add spices to food served on a dish![1]
Not so, says Paul. Your pedigree before God has nothing to do with this. It only has to do with whether your relationship with God is based on faith and trust in God’s promise, and love—just like Abraham’s.
So those who rely on faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.
Galatians 3:9
Paul is making a conclusion based on what he’s just said. It could be translated as something like, “this means, then, that those who rely on faith are blessed with Abraham.” If you want to be one of Abraham’s children, then follow his lead and rely on faith!
Choose Your Path! Galatians 3:10-14
Now, we get down to the hard part. Remember that question about which I said you must have an opinion? Let’s ask ourselves again:
- Did God intend the Mosaic Law to be a way of salvation?
The answer is no. Never.
This means that, however difficult Paul may be to follow from here on out, he cannot be agreeing with the false teachers that the Mosaic Law was a vehicle for salvation. Never. It isn’t an option. God doesn’t change the terms of salvation. It’s always been by faith.
So, remember this question and the right answer, because here we go …
For all who rely on the works of the law are under a curse, as it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.”
Galatians 3:10, quoting Deuteronomy 27:26
If the Mosaic Law was never about salvation, then Paul is not seriously suggesting the Mosaic Law means this. He can’t be. Rather, his point relies on you understanding everything he just wrote, in vv. 7-9.
- Salvation is by faith—always has been.
- Abraham had faith and was counted righteous.
- That’s how you become one of Abraham’s children—faith in the promise.
The “for” at the beginning of the sentence is explanatory. It’s translated a bit stiffly, as if Paul is a Victorian gentleman—and he ain’t one. It could be rendered as something like, “so, this is what I’m saying—everyone who relies on the works of the law …”
He means, “look, if you wanna go that route and try to earn your salvation, then have at it—here’s a quote from Moses that you can chew on!” He accurately quotes the text of Deuteronomy 27:26, but must be deliberately subverting the meaning. Moses didn’t preach salvation by works. When he asked the people to swear that promise in Deuteronomy 27:26 (along with a bunch of others), he presupposed that everyone understood that love was the driving force behind relationship with God (Deut 6:4-5; 10:12-16). I’m saying Paul misapplied Deuteronomy 27:26 the same way the Judaizers were doing. Paul is saying, “if you want to go that way, have fun trying to accomplish this …”
So, the “curse” Paul mentions isn’t the Mosaic Law as it really was. Instead, the “curse” is the impossible burden of trying to adopt the Judaizer’s perverted understanding of the Mosaic Law. Some Christians imagine Old Covenant life as an oppressive burden, a millstone dragging the believers to a watery grave … until Christ came! How absurd. They believe this because they take Paul literally in vv. 10-12—they believe he’s describing the Mosaic Law as it really was. They’re wrong.
As I mentioned, Paul adopts the Judaizer’s arguments to show how bankrupt they are. Read Psalm 119 and see if the writer is being crushed by the law! “Open my eyes that I may see wonderful things in your law,” (Ps 119:18). He isn’t! He loves God and loves His word (including the Mosaic Law). The Law is only a millstone if you think it’s a vehicle for salvation. But, it ain’t one, so it ain’t a millstone.
I’m comfortable suggesting this, because Paul then sweeps this silly idea of “earning my salvation by merit” aside.
Clearly no one who relies on the law is justified before God, because “the righteous will live by faith.”
Galatians 3:11, quoting Habakkuk 2:4
The law can’t make you righteous. Paul quotes Habakkuk 2:4, which indeed says that “the righteous will live by faith.” So, when he quotes Moses from Deuteronomy 27:26, he can’t really be saying Moses meant it that way. Paul just adopts the arguments from the Judaizers, or from similar sources floating about in the 1st century interwebs, and suggests they have fun trying to do the impossible. He now continues in that vein:
The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, it says, “The person who does these things will live by them.”
Galatians 3:12, quoting Leviticus 18:5
This accurate quote from Leviticus is ripe for misunderstanding. Again, he rightly quotes the text but suggests the wrong meaning. When Paul says “the law is not based on faith,” he assumes the perverted form of their argument. The “law” he mentions here is the wrong understanding of the Mosaic law, not that law as it really is. “You wanna have eternal life?” he asks. “Then, make sure you do everything in the law—just like it says. Have at it, boys and girls!”
Remember our magic question—did God intend the Mosaic Law to be a way of salvation? He did not. So, whatever Paul is saying, he cannot be suggesting the Mosaic Law has anything to do with salvation. This magic question is the key to understanding Paul’s argument. Some Christians fail to ask it, and so their explanations of this passage make little sense.
Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a pole.”
Galatians 3:13, quoting Deuteronomy 21:23
I think we’re making a mistake if we think “curse of the law” is the Mosaic Law. The Law isn’t a curse. It isn’t a bad thing. It isn’t a burden, because it has nothing to do with salvation. The Mosaic Law is simply a vehicle for holy living, while God’s people remained in a holding pattern waiting for Christ. We’ve always obeyed from the heart because He’s already rescued us—not the other way around. “Give me understanding, so that I may keep your laws and obey it with all my heart … I reach out for your commands, which I love, that I may meditate on your decrees,” (Ps 119:34, 48). The man who wrote this didn’t think he was “under a curse.”
So, to return to our verse (Gal 3:13), from what “curse” did Christ redeem us, then?
I think it’s the curse of the capital punishment waiting for every one of us, because (in our natural state) we’ve rejected God. That’s what Deuteronomy 21:23 is about—a person guilty of a capital offense is to be hanged on a pole. We’ve each committed the “capital offense” of rejecting God, so we’re under that death sentence, but Christ has come to free us from that. After all, we can’t free ourselves—we can’t be good enough (cf. Gal 2:21).
So, rather than try and dig our way (i.e. “earning” salvation by merit) out of a situation from which there is no escape, we should rely on Jesus. He became a curse for us. He suffered for our capital crimes by being hanged on a pole. The word “redeem” has lost its original force, in English. It means something like “buying back from slavery.” We can’t bribe our way out of our mess, so Jesus gave Himself to buy us out of Satan’s clutches.
So, Paul isn’t making a negative assessment of the Mosaic Law at all. The “curse” here isn’t even about the Mosaic Law. But, if we think Paul is talking about that, then I ask this—are we really to suppose that God “cursed” His people from Sinai to Pentecost with a system whose design was to crush their souls? Is that the “average Christian life” vibe you get from Psalm 119? Is that what a circumcision of the heart is all about (cf. Deut 10:16)? Was the average Israelite like poor Pilgrim, struggling with that loathsome burden on his back?
No! Paul’s not even talking about the Mosaic Law. He’s just suggesting another way, a better way, the true way—“because if we become righteous through the Law, then Christ died for no purpose,” (Gal 2:21, CEB). You can (1) go the Judaizer’s route and try to earn your way into the kingdom, or (2) you can rejoice and trust that Christ has already redeemed us from our death sentence for rebellion (“the curse of the law”).
He redeemed us in order that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit.
Galatians 3:14
Why did Christ buy us back from slavery? So that Christ could be the channel for the blessings to Abraham to flow to the rest of the world. We receive the promise of the Holy Spirit by faith. Always have. Always will.
1 Shabbat 3:5, in Mishnah.
Tyler Robbins 2016 v2
Tyler Robbins is a bi-vocational pastor at Sleater Kinney Road Baptist Church, in Olympia WA. He also works in State government. He blogs as the Eccentric Fundamentalist.
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THoward:
I have Luther’s commentary on Galatians. With respect to him, I don’t believe the excerpt you quoted is what Paul was driving at in Galatians 3. I believe Paul is demonstrating the bankruptcy of the Judaizers way of alleged salvation (i.e. salvation by works). That was never what the Mosaic Law was about. To presume otherwise is to assume the Judaizers were correct. I reference Psalm 119 to show how a representative person under the law (rightly understood) found joy and happiness. It was not a curse, or a terrible burden God afflicted people with for hundreds of years.
Again, I claim that in Galatians that Paul is not criticizing the Mosaic Law as it actually was. He was criticizing the perverted version of the Law that was common in his day.
Aaron wrote:
It’s entirely possible to read his statements at face value without taking the position that salvation in a spiritual sense was available through the law.
I just don’t agree. This is why I say Paul is assuming his opponent’s arguments for rhetorical purposes. “You want to go that route? Fine—take Lev 18:5 the way they do, and see how far that gets you!”
I believe this discussion quickly becomes abstract (e.g. What about this isolated verse? That one? That passage? etc.) unless one is able to walk thru the text, at a fairly rapid clip, and demonstrate internal coherence as a passage and external coherence with the rest of God’s story. I try to do that in these articles in a straightforward way. Some may not believe I have succeeded, but I believe I’m presenting a good option that makes sense and is easy to understand.
When I refer to “dispensationalists” I have in mind Alva McClain (“Law and Grace”) and Myron Houghton (“Law & Grace”) on a scholarly level, and the confused dispensationalist-ish explanations I’ve routinely heard from Christians in churches over the years.
Tyler is a pastor in Olympia, WA and works in State government.
[TylerR] Again, I claim that in Galatians that Paul is not criticizing the Mosaic Law as it actually was. He was criticizing the perverted version of the Law that was common in his day.
Thanks, Tyler, for the interaction. I would say they weren’t advocating a perverted version of the law but a perverted purpose of the law. I believe that is what Paul is responding to in Galatians.
Take care.
What you are describing as Dispensational belief is certainly not common in my circles. I graduated from Grace Theological Seminary which was founded by McClain. He was gone by the time I showed up in the early 70’s but I never heard those that taught there (John Whitcomb, Herman Hoyt, Homer Kent, etc.) speak of the law as an intended way of salvation. I know they are out there somewhere but I don’t personally know any dispensationalist that believes there are two ways of salvation.
[Nord Zootman] I know they are out there somewhere but I don’t personally know any dispensationalist that believes there are two ways of salvation.
I believe this understanding comes from notes found in the original Scofield Study Bible. But, I agree with you. I attended seminary at BBC Clarks Summit (a dispy school), and they never taught two ways of salvation.
My apologies for not being clear. I don’t believe modern dispensationalists actually teach two ways of salvation. I simply believe the dispensationalist distinction between law and Gospel springs from that soil, and so the defacto popular projection of dispensationalism on this issue is muddled. I’m saying that, if you take Paul’s OT citations literally, the conclusion is salvation by works–whether your system acknowledges it or not.
I was reading Scofield’s correspondence course last night, and he was typical in claiming the Dispensation of Law was a punishment because the Israelities allegedly rejected the option for grace at Sinai. McClain said much the same thing (“Law and Grace”). I realize this is an old-school presentation, but it’s real. This strict dichotomy between law and Gospel is horrifying. Scofield’s correspondence course on this issue is so strong on the law as a punishment that the remorseless conclusion is two ways of salvation. He has not said this (or, rather, I haven’t yet seen it), but the inevitable conclusion is there for students to pick up. My copy has the student’s notes intact, and whoever scribbled pages of notes in that book in 1910 understood Scofield to be saying there were two ways of salvation. The student even jotted down, “law says do this and live, grace says accept what has already been done.” He evidentally understood Lev 18:5 (and Galatians 3) the same way some dispensationalists in this thread still do.
Tyler is a pastor in Olympia, WA and works in State government.
I see this treatment of the Law as similar to:
Luke 18:18-27
18 And a ruler asked him, “Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” 19 And Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone. 20 You know the commandments: ‘Do not commit adultery, Do not murder, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Honor your father and mother.’” 21 And he said, “All these I have kept from my youth.” 22 When Jesus heard this, he said to him, “One thing you still lack. Sell all that you have and distribute to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me.” 23 But when he heard these things, he became very sad, for he was extremely rich. 24 Jesus, seeing that he had become sad, said, “How difficult it is for those who have wealth to enter the kingdom of God! 25 For it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.” 26 Those who heard it said, “Then who can be saved?” 27 But he said, “What is impossible with man is possible with God.”
This man asked Jesus, “What must I do to inherit eternal life?” And Jesus’s answer was, “No problem - just be perfect in every way, even the matter that is toughest for you, even in the good things you don’t do.”
The other hearers said, “Then who can be saved?” (IOW, “Jesus, you’re setting an impossible standard. Who can do that?? That’s impossible!”
Jesus’s reply indicated that He agreed it was impossible. But “What is impossible with man is possible with God.”
Jesus didn’t correct them from their understanding that the Law (not just the Mosaic Law, but abstractly the revealed expectations God has for His people) indeed was impossible to do. But Jesus did the impossible and then gave us the righteousness He earned.
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I see Paul as saying the same thing in Gal. 3:10 “For all who rely on the works of the law are under a curse, as it is written: ‘Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.’”
That’s why we need faith in alien righteousness.
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Do I agree with you?
[Dan Miller]I agree w you but I think that makes you a Judaizer in the eyes of some, or at least a dispensationalist.Do I agree with you?
I’m afraid I don’t agree with you. Are you suggesting that Jesus literally meant that the guy had to do a list of things from the Mosaic Law in order to achieve salvation?
Tyler is a pastor in Olympia, WA and works in State government.
[TylerR]I’m afraid I don’t agree with you. Are you suggesting that Jesus literally meant that the guy had to do a list of things from the Mosaic Law in order to achieve salvation?
To earn salvation, yes. Be perfect. If you can’t do that, then you need a Savior.
[TylerR]I think Jesus was setting forth the standard, to show that it was not a valid method. I don’t see anyone on here suggesting multiple ways of salvation. There is only one way, OT and NT, and that is faith counted for righteousness.I’m afraid I don’t agree with you. Are you suggesting that Jesus literally meant that the guy had to do a list of things from the Mosaic Law in order to achieve salvation?
I was reading Scofield’s correspondence course last night, and he was typical in claiming the Dispensation of Law was a punishment because the Israelities allegedly rejected the option for grace at Sinai. McClain said much the same thing (“Law and Grace”). I realize this is an old-school presentation, but it’s real.
Agree. And I have heard a few laymen talk along those lines in recent years.
I don’t think my understanding of the text requires isolating passages. I definitely didn’t teach it that way when I went through Gal in adult SS a few years ago. But I want to take another look at it at high speed as you suggested.
At the time, the idea that he was doing something along the lines of “you say this” in places rather than an “I’m teaching this” never occurred to me. It’s the sort of reading I usually assume a high burden of proof for. So I’m even leery of it in 1 Cor where lots of scholars have taken that view of several portions. I agree them on a few, but I have to see a really strong reason to read it that way. Never saw any need in Gal. … though parts of it are difficult.
So to sum up, I guess what I’m saying is that I see Paul making very much the same argument you do in that sequence, but it seems straightforward to me. Heartily agree that he teaches the law was never meant to save (other than in a temporal sense).
Edit to add: I think he really makes the same argument—or a close parallel—in Rom 7-8.
Views expressed are always my own and not my employer's, my church's, my family's, my neighbors', or my pets'. The house plants have authorized me to speak for them, however, and they always agree with me.
[AndyE]I think Jesus was setting forth the standard, to show that it was not a valid method. I don’t see anyone on here suggesting multiple ways of salvation. There is only one way, OT and NT, and that is faith counted for righteousness.
Looking at it another way, Yes. Our salvation indeed came from following the Law* perfectly. Jesus had to do that in order to have righteousness to exchange for our sin.
* debate necessary about what “the Law” means in that sentence.
Here’s what I’ve got:
- My presuppositions at the top of the article show from where I’m coming. I know folks may not agree, but I hope they clarify things a bit.
- I acknowledge dispensationalists (even Chafer and Scofield) never explicitly taught two ways of salvation. However, I believe the inevitable conclusion from dispensationalist teaching (esp. the more careless published statements by hardline, classical DTs) tends towards that line.
- I am well aware the dispensationalists vehemently deny this, and I’m familiar with the arguments. I nonetheless reject them.
- I believe this hermeneutical schizophrenia is responsible for untold confusion at the lay level about the terms of salvation in the OC, and the nature of an OC believer’s everyday relationship with God. After extensive back and forth, Rolland McCune once wrote to me that my problem was that I didn’t understand DT. He was wrong; I do understand it but reject its framework for the shape of a believing relationship with God in the OC.
This means:
- I believe the nature of a believing relationship has always been predicated on love, and ideally it always produces loving obedience. Therefore any interpretation which frames the Mosaic Law as oppressive, as a literal curse, as a life of crushing despair, is missing the mark. I cannot believe God kept His people under a rule of life characterized by a crushing burden of perfection upon penalty of curse from Sinai to Pentecost.
- To take Paul’s OT citations at face value is to assume that perspective, and I don’t believe that is accurate at all. My references to Ps 119 in the article were a representative attempt to throw some wrenches into this framework. Jesus’ statements are controlling for me, here (Mk 12:28-32; cf. Deut 6:4-6; Lev 19) for understanding the ethos of the Mosaic Law.
- Basically, I view the OC life and the Mosaic Law completely different than many here, and that is the key to our disconnect.
Aaron, I understand the reticence to mirror read into Paul’s statements (a la 1 Corinthians). I’m actually partial to that scheme in 1 Corinthians, and I think it works quite well, here. But, I get it.
Tyler is a pastor in Olympia, WA and works in State government.
Tyler, I commend to you Schreiner’s 40 Questions about Christians and Biblical Law. In questions 12 and 13 he addresses what we’ve been discussing here. Specifically, question 13: “How Do Paul’s Negative Comments About the Law Fit with the Positive Statements About the Law in Psalm 19 and Psalm 119?”.
Here’s an excerpt:
Paul’s negative statements on the law do not contradict Psalm 19 and Psalm 119. Paul emphasizes that the law puts human beings to death and never grants life to those who are unregenerate. Psalms 19 and 119 consider the situation of those who are regenerate. In that case God’s commands by the work of his Spirit cast believers onto the grace of God, and God uses the commands in conjunction with his Spirit to strengthen believers so that they rely upon God’s grace to please him.
Thomas R. Schreiner, 40 Questions about Christians and Biblical Law, ed. Benjamin L. Merkle, 40 Questions Series (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic & Professional, 2010), 86–87.
No mirror reading required, my friend.
I appreciate it, but I’m not interested in summary comments from Schreiner on this matter. We could write 50 pages of comments centered on isolated verses or abstract concepts and never accomplish anything. I’m interested in what the text says. I have written an exposition of my position using the biblical text in Galatians 3:7-14, and Galatians 3:1-6 before that. If someone wishes to critique these based on the passages at issue, I’m all ears. I’m not interested in systems, right now, or on summary statements which spring from systems. I’m interested in the text.
I will continue with another article next month.
Tyler is a pastor in Olympia, WA and works in State government.
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