"In the New Testament, church discipline involves varying degrees of censure."

Correct, the NT does not envision a one-sized fits all approach to discipline. Thanks to Dr. Bauder for bringing that up.

But I do wonder about the application being made from Titus. Is Paul really envisioning the sort of factionalism that is “especially a temptation for those who hold strong opinions and convictions, ” where “[t] he opinions may not be wrong, but the way in which they are promoted can become lethal”? Seems to me that Paul is coaching Titus in the epistle how to stave off deadly heresies. These were brought in by false teachers who’ve worked their way into positions of influence in the churches on Crete. There’s a little space given for them to get in line, but if they persist in their anti-gospel, they’re to be unceremoniously put out.